Misc., New Year Phrases, Asking About Work, Answers to Questions, Hot & Cold

Miscellaneous:

• hewe -- a general form of "you", used to attract attention
• kuberako -- because

New Year Phrases:

• umwaka mushasha -- year | new (new year)
• umwaka mwiza -- year | good (good year!)

Asking About Work:

• watanguye gukora ryari? -- you started | work | when?
• "wutanguye" comes from "utangura" -- "to start"
• This is a case where a slight difference in stress can change the meaning of the word.  I was only barely able to perceive the difference between the two pronunciations when my teacher demonstrated them, and he did not tell me how to notate the difference.  Luckily, the two different meanings are "you started in the recent past" and "you started in the distant past", so the question should be undestood in either case.
• watanguye gukora muri Giant Eagle ryari? -- you started | work | in Giant Eagle | when?
• watanguye gukorera Giant Eagle ryari? -- you started | work for | Giant Eagle | when?
• gukorera -- "work for" but can refer either to employer or compensation (e.g. peanuts)
• ukorera iki? -- you work for | what? (in terms of compensation)
• ukorera nde? -- you work for | who? (in terms of employer)

Answers to Questions:

• want/need what
• "iki" means both "this" and "what"
• in the sentence "iki ni igiki?", the first "iki" is merely one of many forms of "this" (a demonstrative pronoun), and the second is a special form of "what" -- "iki" is the more general form.
• thus, it would be:
• ukeneye iki? -- you need | what? 
• ushaka iki? -- you want | what?
• these are correct and proper ways to ask "what do you want/need?" meaning "how can I help you?"
• the correct way to respond would be, for example:
• nkeneye igitabu -- I need | a book
• nshaka igitabu -- I want | a book [correct!?]
• another useful phrase:
• uvuze iki? -- you said | what?
• can you verb
• urashobora kuza? -- can you | come?
• eego ndashobora kuza -- yes | I can | come
• oya sinshobora kuza -- no | I cannot | come

Hot & Cold:

• cold
• imbeho -- cold (noun)
• gukanya -- to be cold
• urakanye -- you are cold
• ndakanye -- I am cold
• harakanye -- it is cold
• amazi akanye -- water | cold (adj)
• hot
• ubushuhe -- heat (noun)
• gushuha -- to be hot
• urashushe -- you are hot
• ndashushe -- I am hot
• harashushe -- it is hot
• gushusha -- to make hot, to heat up